Kuwait Times

Published Date: July 04, 2008

BOSTON/LONDON: An experimental process that snags lung cancer cells from a blood sample could give doctors real-time feedback on the most effective therapy, researchers reported yesterday. Dr Daniel Haber of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School and colleagues were able to extract blood-borne cancer cells from 27 volunteers with non-small-cell lung cancer that had spread.

They found that changes in the number of circulating cancer cells correlated with the effectiveness of a patient's treatment and were also able to track genetic changes in the tumor cells over time. The study, reported on the website of the New England Journal of Medicine, is another step in the quest for individualized medicine, where doctors strive to quickly assess a tumor, choose the most effective treatment, and alter that treatment as cancer cells adapt.

In December, the same group reported in Nature that their circulating tumor cells, or CTC, chip could extract malignant cells from people with breast, prostate, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, as well as lung tumors. Now they say they have used the collected cells to identify specific mutations, which may someday help guide therapy. "Right now you take your best guess as to what kind of treatment would work for a patient's cancer, give it to them for two or three months, and then repeat a CAT scan to se
e if it worked," Haber said in a telephone interview.

If there were a way of measuring an earlier response, that would be fantastic," he added. "The CTC chip offers the promise of non-invasive continuous monitoring." Doctors have many choices of drugs to treat lung cancer, the world's leading cancer killer, taking the lives of 1.2 million people a year - 166,000 in the United States alone. Yet only 15 percent of patients live five years or more.

Treating patients with drugs specific to their particular tumor is likely to yield increased response rates, prolonged survival, and a decrease in the number of patients who are exposed to toxic drugs unnecessarily," Dr Joan Schiller of the Lung Cancer Alliance wrote in a commentary. Schiller, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, said there are practical questions about whether enough cells can be extracted to make the technique effective and whether it will work for other typ
es of tumors.

Haber said he believes it will. The CTC chip, licensed to the privately held CellPoint Diagnostics in Mountain View, California, is 100 times more sensitive than a US Food and Drug Administration-approved technique that uses magnetic beads to try to extract cancer cells, according to Haber. The test requires a 10 milliliter blood sample - just two teaspoons. It takes about eight hours to send the blood across the 80,000 tiny columns so a specially designed antibody glue can latch onto passing cancer cells.


Haber said his team is trying to further automate the process to make it faster. "If the cells are alive on the chip, which they are, and if you have a new 'smart' drug that's supposed to attack a particular protein, you can test in the cell if the protein is being attached by the drug," he said.

Meanwhile, a few cups of green tea each day may help prevent heart disease, Greek researchers said yesterday. A study published in the European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation showed further evidence of the potential health benefits from a brew already linked to a reduced risk of a range of cancers and other conditions. The study showed that green tea improves blood flow and the ability of arteries to relax, said Charalambos Vlachopoulos, a cardiologist at the Athens Medical School
in Greece who worked on the study.

Other studies have shown that black tea also has benefits for cardiovascular health. The Greek team said they believed green tea might be even better because it had higher quantities of beneficial compounds called flavonoids - some of which are lost in the oxidation process that black tea undergoes. Flavonoids are also found in cocoa, tomatoes and grapes. "A couple of cups a day would probably be a good dose for people," Vlachopoulos said. "This is the first study to show these effects for green tea.

The researchers gave 14 healthy volunteers either green tea, diluted caffeine or hot water on three separate occasions and then measured the function of endothelial cells lining the circulatory system. These cells help relax arteries and ease blood flow. "What is important is these effects are evident fairly rapidly, within 30 minutes," Vlachopoulos said. The measurements taken 30, 90 and 120 minutes following consumption showed an almost immediate benefit among people who had drunk green tea, he said.

Heart disease is the world's leading cause of death. It is caused by fatty deposits that harden and block arteries, high blood pressure which damages blood vessels, and other factors. While the researchers looked only at a short-term impact, Vlachopolous said the team's not-yet-published studies suggest the protection is long lasting. "Green tea is consumed less in the Western world than black tea, but it could be more beneficial because of the way it seems to improve (circulatory) function," he said. - Re
uters